Spindle bearing vibration in precision machine tools refers to the mechanical vibration caused by the unbalanced force and asymmetric load generated by the spindle as it rotates at high speed. This vibration will lead to increased bearing wear, reduce the accuracy and stability of the machine tool, and in severe cases cause bearing damage or machine failure.
Spindle bearing vibration is usually divided into two types: radial vibration and axial vibration. Radial vibration is mainly due to the bearing inner and outer diameter surface is not parallel or centrifugal force imbalance, caused by the vibration frequency and spindle speed is proportional; axial vibration is due to the bearing internal structure design or processing accuracy is not high, the vibration frequency and spindle speed is inversely proportional.
To reduce the vibration of the spindle bearing, the following measures can be taken:
1. adjust the bearing preload to ensure the coordinated motion of the internal parts of the bearing and reduce the internal sliding friction and wear of the bearing.
2. select high precision bearings to ensure that the internal structure is precise and has good load carrying capacity to reduce the vibration and noise of the bearings.
3. Dynamic balancing of the bearings to eliminate unbalanced forces and loads within the bearings and to reduce vibration.
4. Precise adjustment of the mounting position and angle of the spindle to ensure that the geometry of the spindle meets the requirements and reduces vibration.
5. Installing antivibrators or compensators to compensate for unbalanced forces and asymmetric loads during high speed rotation of the spindle to reduce vibration and noise.